The number of mobile lines in the world exceeded the world's population for the first time at the end of 2017, as revealed by the data from the annual Mobile Economy report of the GSMA. The 7.8 billion SIM cards used by humans (not including connections between machines) accounts for 103% of the inhabitants of the Earth. And on that same date the number of mobile phone users exceeded 5,000 million people, representing a degree of penetration 66%.
Mobile technology has already exceeded forty years of life and after four successive generations of wireless technology we assist in the arrival of 5G technology, whose deployment is announced by 2020. The wireless industry -which has gone through four previous- is already preparing for a new generation called to revolutionize not only the world of mobile communications but that of the economy and industry in general.
a technological revolution
But against to previous generations, 5G technology is an evolution with a greater degree of disruption, since not only does the existing connection paradigm evolve but will be the definitive trigger and driver of the digital transformation of society and the economy in the most advanced countries during the next decade. Unlike the replacement of the 3G standard with 4G, the implementation of 5G will have an impact beyond a technological change in mobile phone networks and constitutes the basic technological substrate to develop digital transformation, a process on which there is a global consensus of its importance and impact on the economy and society as a whole.
»The first thing that, I think, we can say is that it is not a new technology as, in the past, we have been talking about 2G, 3G or more recently 4G, but that 5G will be a new technological ecosystem that will change the rules of the game. It really involves addressing a paradigm shift in mobile networks and, by extension, in the way of offering services to the general public and, for the first time, also massively in many sectors of the industry.In fact, in the future, the main use of the network will not only be access to the Internet, but that multiple uses derived from the multiconexion of everything with everything will appear, the »environmental connectivity», according to Tomas Alonso, director of Orange Espana product engineering.
Because 5G technology goes far beyond smartphones because it will have a decisive impact on the solutions related to the Internet of things and big data, robotics, virtual reality or ultra high definition, they will reach their deployment and implementation on 5G networks.In 2025 the number of connected devices is expected to reach 100,000 million worldwide, including sensors, thermostats, vehicles, appliances, robots and all other devices, according to the first number of Notebooks Technology published by Evoca Comunicacion e Imagen made by Julio Cerezo and Pepe Cerezo, with the collaboration of Eugenio Fontan (Official College of Telecommunications Engineers), Marimar Jimenez (CincoDias) and Ignacio del Castillo, of Expansion.
5g: faster and smarter
Also the 5G technology will be faster, smarter and consume less energy , which will allow its application to a large number of new wireless devices-sensors, thermostats, appliances, tools, vehicles-.It is envisaged that thanks to the combination of a new architecture together with new computer models and technological standards, speeds up to 40 times faster than 4G can be offered, sufficiently »fast» to stream 3D video'8K 'or download a movie 3-D in about 6 seconds (in 4G, it would take 6 minutes).
Related Being very important aspects such as improved transmission speed and decreased latency, it is likely that the greatest revolution will materialize in the new capabilities to offer unlimited intelligent connectivity, improving services what we had up to date and, what is more relevant, encouraging the transformation of industrial processes and promoting the creation of new sectors such as IoT, smart cities or industry 4.0.
For example, during the last edition of Mobile World Congress (MWC 2018), Orange in combination with Huawei showed an example of using 5G in a virtual reality scenario .In the Barcelona cable car In a cabin, a 360 camera connected to a Huawei 5G device was installed, which, in turn, was connected to a 5G base station to which the receiving equipment was also connected in the Orange stand where the streaming was received 360 video to watch in Oculus glasses.
The ability to handle large volumes of data with low real-time latency will deploy a lot of cloud-based services, next-generation transactions such as blockchain-based applications , which requires large resources of computing in a short space of time, augmented reality (AR), artificial intelligence (AI) or the Internet of things (IoT).An ecosystem that predictably in 2025 will be made up of 100,000 million devices: sensors, alarms, wearables, mobiles, appliances, code readers, etc.According to estimates by the Chinese firm Huawei, on this date only 10% of the total connections will be between humans, the rest will be between machines and devices independently.
the role of public administrations
Public administrations, for their part, can be a catalytic agent not only in promoting new services but also in their role as regulators in infrastructure deployment. It should be borne in mind that There is currently a wide variety of long and short range technologies linked to smart cities that, in many cases, overlap each other.For example, wireless Wi-Fi, RF-Mesh, ZigBee and Z-wave networks that can represent a potential impediment to the correct integration of the services demanded by smart cities.In this sense, 5G represents a good opportunity to offer a unified and scalable environment that requires coordinated management between industry and public administrations both nationally as local with the technologies and develop the corresponding ecosystems ".
The forecasts of the impact of 5G envisage as feasible a scenario that makes a decade seemed pure science fiction: networks that remotely direct production factories with limited human intervention, autonomous cars and buses and a kind of sensors that control all and each of the links in the value chain of countless sectors and industries, from logistics to agriculture. The possibilities that 5G technologies would bring, together with robotics, AI or intelligent machine learning, they can reach such magnitude that part of the industry is convinced that it can mean in the medium term a transformation of the current production model with its consequent economic impact
Between 2020 and 2035, the estimated total contribution of 5G to world GDP will be equivalent to that of an economy of the current size of India, the seventh largest economy in the world. However, the effect on sales and activity along the value chain, although extremely large and positive, may have compensatory effects due to investments and expenses that might otherwise have occurred in other sectors of the global economy.
operators prepare for 5g deployment
Even if the operators remain the main owners and administrators of the network infrastructure and the degree of competition is maintained, the providers of new services will be of vital importance.In the case of the operators it is important to say that the deployment of 5G networks require, as has happened to date, significant disbursements in investments.But against previous models in the new ecosystem it is the industry that will promote the sharing of networks. The sharing of networks, therefore, it will intensify in the 5G era, given the level of investment necessary to manage the densification of the networks at which cities will face, more than a million connected elements per square kilometer.
In this sense there will also be new networks formed by drones, balloons and satellites that will promote ubiquitous and high-quality connectivity.With all this there will be more innovative models of infrastructure and spectrum sharing subject to possible commercial agreements.and anticipated with 4G, the new mobile generation can represent for mobile phone operators one more step in their strategic evolution as they move from high-speed connectivity providers to become facilitators of next-generation ecosystems and value added service providers.
Network service providers (NSP) will aim to offer new variants of ' as a Services ' formats such as Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Platform as a service (PaaS) or Network as service (NaaS).
As for the road that still needs to be traveled in our country to make 5G a reality, the Ministry of Energy, Tourism and Digital Agency presented in December 2017 the 5G national plan, which is the sheet Route to place Spain among the most advanced countries in the development of this new technology. The Plan includes a package of measures to promote the development of 5G technology in Spain, among which is the call for aid public to promote the implementation of pilot projects and innovative technological solutions based on 5G.
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